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Have you ever seen the term sinfonia concertante, or symphonie concertante, and wondered what kind of composition it was? You maybe tried to guess it, by combining the two words, sinfonia and concerto, and this is what I did when I first came across one of these compositions.
Indeed, it indicates a type of composition for solo instruments and orchestra. It means symphony with important solo parts, but it’s more a concerto than a symphony.
The number of solo instruments could be from two up to nine. Initially they were mostly violins, then other string, wind and keyboard instruments were added.
Some of the most beautiful music: Mozart Sinfonia Concertante for violin and viola (which he played) with orchestra. And the cadenzas are original. Listen and watch videos
The term and the genre was much in vogue between 1770 and 1830, for about two decades especially in Mannheim and Paris, where most of them were published. Therefore the proper name should be the French one, symphonie concertante, although the Italian version is more common today. Indeed very few Italian composers wrote symphonie concertante.
During the baroque period composers wrote solo concertos for more than one instrument, calling them just concerto for two (or more) instruments.
Anyway, the definitions of musical forms over the different musical eras are often blurred, with forms overlapping and extending beyond the "defined" periods.
The symphonie concertante was written for performance in public concert halls by local virtuoso musicians to please the concert goers with their own and other composers’ pieces, brilliant, melodious and with a variety of instruments. It was a way for them to show their abilities, get more pupils, have more of their compositions published. With very few exceptions the symphonie concertante is in major key, its character is light, happy, entertaining, with melodic variety.
In a way it is similar to the concerto grosso, with the alternation between the soloists and the rest of the orchestra but in the sinfonia concertante the soloist have greater importance.
During the 1820s and 1830s the symphonie concertante became less and less popular. Important examples of multiple concertos are Beethoven's triple concerto for violin, cello and piano and later, Brahms’ double concerto for violin and cello.
A good number of symphonie concertante and double concerto included the viola as one of the soloists, from the baroque period to the 20th century. Here are only some of these works, which are published and available.
Find here the sheet music for many different symphonie concertante with viola
Go from Sinfonia concertante to Glossary of music terminology
Brandenburg Concerto 6
for 2 violas
Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto 3 for 3 violins, 3 violas, 3 basses
Georg Philipp Telemann
Concerto
for 2 violas
Bruch's Double concerto for viola, clarinet & orchestra
Buy Viola in Music's Collection of 13 famous tunes (19 pages)
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They are in their original keys, so you can play them in sessions with other instruments
Jesu, joy of man's desiring
Michael Turner’s waltz (2 versions)
The
greenwood tree
The south wind
Fanny Power
Ye banks and braes
Skye boat song
My Bonnie
My love is
like a red, red rose
Sportsman’s hornpipe
The road to Lisdoonvarna
Danny Boy (Londonderry Air)
Iron legs
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